---
title: In the reign of Haroun-al-Raschid, there lived in Bagdad a merchant… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: In the reign of Haroun-al-Raschid, there lived in Bagdad a merchant named Ali Cogia, who, having neither wife nor child, contented himself with the modest profits produced by his trade. Who acts: Ali, Merchant. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 35, with 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 35, sentence 102

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the reign of Haroun-al-Raschid, there lived in Bagdad a merchant named Ali Cogia, who, having neither wife nor child, contented himself with the modest profits produced by his trade.

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**Who acts:** Ali, Merchant · **What happens:** live, name, have, content, produce, trade · **To what, where:** merchant, reign, wife, modest profits

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ali, Merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:35:102
# text = In the reign of Haroun-al-Raschid, there lived in Bagdad a merchant named Ali Cogia, who, having neither wife nor child, contented himself with the modest profits produced by his trade.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Haroun	Haroun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	al	Al	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Raschid	Raschid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Bagdad	Bagdad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	_
19	Cogia	Cogia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
24	neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	27	cc	_	_
27	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	contented	content	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
30	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	29	obj	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	modest	modest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	profits	profit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
35	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a merchant |  | the reign of Haroun and Raschid; there |  | in Bagdad | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme merchant=Location |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | a merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | Ali | neither wife nor child |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Patient |
| 4 | **content** | past |  | Merchant |  |  |  | with the modest profits | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus himself=Experiencer |
| 5 | **produce** | participle |  | the modest profits *not said here* |  |  |  | by Merchant's trade | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **trade** |  | Merchant |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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