---
title: The Cadi having heard his case, turned to the merchant, and inquired… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The Cadi having heard his case, turned to the merchant, and inquired why he had not repaid Ali Cogia the sum in question. Who acts: Cadi. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 36, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 36, sentence 107

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The Cadi having heard his case, turned to the merchant, and inquired why he had not repaid Ali Cogia the sum in question.

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**Who acts:** Cadi · **What happens:** have, hear, turn, inquire, not repay · **To what, where:** case, merchant, Ali · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cadi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:36:107
# text = The Cadi having heard his case, turned to the merchant, and inquired why he had not repaid Ali Cogia the sum in question.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cadi	Cadi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	inquired	inquire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	repaid	repay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
20	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	Cogia	Cogia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | the Cadi *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the Cadi | Cadi's case |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer case=Stimulus |
| 3 | **turn** | participle | the Cadi *not said here* |  |  | the merchant |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to merchant=Trajectory |
| 4 | **inquire** *speech: other* | past | the Cadi *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **repay** | past · perfect | Cadi |  | Ali |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent ali=Recipient sum=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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