--- title: By the light of a lantern suspended from the roof, he perceived a ro… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: By the light of a lantern suspended from the roof, he perceived a row of black guards sleeping, each with a naked sword lying by him, and he understood that the hall must form the ante-room to the chamber of some queen or princess. Who acts: prince, naked sword, hall. A sentence of «The Arabian Nigh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/38/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/38/) / 2 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 38, sentence 2 By the light of a lantern suspended from the roof, he perceived a row of black guards sleeping, each with a naked sword lying by him, and he understood that the hall must form the ante-room to the chamber of some queen or princess. **Who acts:** prince, naked sword, hall · **What happens:** suspend, perceive, sleep, lie, understand, form · **To what, where:** lantern, roof, row, each, ante room, chamber This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, naked sword, hall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:38:2 # text = By the light of a lantern suspended from the roof, he perceived a row of black guards sleeping, each with a naked sword lying by him, and he understood that the hall must form the ante-room to the chamber of some queen or princess. 1 By by ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 lantern lantern NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 suspended suspend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 roof roof NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 row row NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 guards guard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 19 sleeping sleep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 19 obl _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 naked naked ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 26 lying lie VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 acl _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 understood understand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 hall hall NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 form form VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 advcl _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 39 ante ante NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 40 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 41 room room NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 42 to to ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 chamber chamber NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 47 det _ _ 47 queen queen NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ _ 48 or or CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 princess princess NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **suspend** | participle | | a lantern *not said here* | | the roof | | | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from roof=Source | | 2 | **perceive** | past | prince | a row of black guards | | | | by the light of a lantern | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer row=Stimulus | | 3 | **sleep** | gerund | prince *not said here* | each | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **lie** | gerund | a naked sword *not said here* | | | | | by prince | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by he=Location | | 5 | **understand** | past | prince | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **form** | must | the hall | the ante room | the chamber of some queen or princess | | | | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent room=Theme to chamber=Recipient | | 7 | **light** | | | a lantern | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/38/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/38/3/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/38/)