---
title: I was forced to trust to chance, and to see what fate had in store,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I was forced to trust to chance, and to see what fate had in store, and it was already past midnight when I found myself on the roof of this palace. Who acts: I, fate. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 38, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 38, sentence 48

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was forced to trust to chance, and to see what fate had in store, and it was already past midnight when I found myself on the roof of this palace.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, fate · **What happens:** force, trust, see, have, be, find · **To what, where:** I, chance, store, myself, roof · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, fate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:38:48
# text = I was forced to trust to chance, and to see what fate had in store, and it was already past midnight when I found myself on the roof of this palace.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	trust	trust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	13	det	_	_
13	fate	fate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	past	past	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
27	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	26	obj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	33	det	_	_
33	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **trust** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | chance |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **have** | past | what fate |  |  | store |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | fate |  |  |  |  | past midnight | tree rules |
| 6 | **find** | past | I | myself |  | the roof of this palace |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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