---
title: "Princess," observed the young man, "till now I had always believed… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: "Princess," observed the young man, "till now I had always believed that Persia could boast finer palaces and more lovely gardens than any kingdom upon earth. Who acts: Princess, attendants, Persia. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 38, with its dependen
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 38, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Princess," observed the young man, "till now I had always believed that Persia could boast finer palaces and more lovely gardens than any kingdom upon earth.

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**Who acts:** Princess, attendants, Persia · **What happens:** observe, believe, boast · **To what, where:** young man, finer palaces

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Princess, attendants, Persia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:38:64
# text = "Princess," observed the young man, "till now I had always believed that Persia could boast finer palaces and more lovely gardens than any kingdom upon earth.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
5	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	16	advmod	_	_
16	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	boast	boast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
21	finer	fine	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	palaces	palace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
27	than	than	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
29	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | past | Princess | the young man |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
| 2 | **believe** *in a quote* | past · perfect | the princess's attendants *= attendant* |  |  |  | now | always *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* *in a quote* | could | Persia | finer palaces and lovely gardens |  |  |  | than any kingdom upon earth | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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