---
title: Meanwhile the Indian had turned the horse in such a direction that,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Meanwhile the Indian had turned the horse in such a direction that, before many hours had passed, it had entered a wood close to the capital of the kingdom of Cashmere. Who acts: Indian. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 39, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 39, sentence 45

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meanwhile the Indian had turned the horse in such a direction that, before many hours had passed, it had entered a wood close to the capital of the kingdom of Cashmere.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Indian · **What happens:** turn, pass, enter · **To what, where:** horse, many hours, box

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:39:45
# text = Meanwhile the Indian had turned the horse in such a direction that, before many hours had passed, it had entered a wood close to the capital of the kingdom of Cashmere.
1	Meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	11	det:predet	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Cashmere	Cashmere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past · perfect | the Indian | the horse |  |  |  | in such direction; meanwhile *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent horse=Patient in direction=Topic |
| 2 | **pass** | past · perfect · passive |  | many hours |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme |
| 3 | **enter** | past · perfect · passive |  | box |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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