---
title: What had the vizir done," said the Greek king, "to merit the punishm… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: What had the vizir done," said the Greek king, "to merit the punishment?" " Who acts: vizir. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 4, sentence 39

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What had the vizir done," said the Greek king, "to merit the punishment?" "

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**Who acts:** vizir · **What happens:** have, do, say, merit · **To what, where:** vizir, Greek king, punishment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vizir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:4:39
# text = What had the vizir done," said the Greek king, "to merit the punishment?" "
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	merit	merit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | the vizir *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | the vizir | the Greek king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **merit** | to-infinitive |  | the punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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