---
title: He now knew that the lady who said she was the daughter of an Indian… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: He now knew that the lady who said she was the daughter of an Indian king was an ogress, who lived in desolate places, and who by a thousand wiles surprised and devoured passers-by. Who acts: prince, lady, ogress. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4, wit
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 4, sentence 57

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He now knew that the lady who said she was the daughter of an Indian king was an ogress, who lived in desolate places, and who by a thousand wiles surprised and devoured passers-by.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** prince, lady, ogress · **What happens:** know, say, be, live, desolate, surprise · **To what, where:** daughter, ogress, places, thousand wiles · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, lady, ogress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:4:57
# text = He now knew that the lady who said she was the daughter of an Indian king was an ogress, who lived in desolate places, and who by a thousand wiles surprised and devoured passers-by.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ogress	ogress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	parataxis	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	wiles	wile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
33	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	devoured	devour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	amod	_	_
36	passers	passer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | prince |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the lady |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | lady | the daughter |  |  |  | of a Indian king | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the lady | a ogress |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **live** | past | a ogress |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **desolate** | infinitive | a ogress *not said here* | places |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **surprise** | participle |  | thousand wiles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 8 | **devour** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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