---
title: He then led the prince up to a room under the roof, which had an ope… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: He then led the prince up to a room under the roof, which had an opening through which he might observe the princess, without himself being seen. Who acts: Sultan, roof. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 40, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 40, sentence 3

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He then led the prince up to a room under the roof, which had an opening through which he might observe the princess, without himself being seen.

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**Who acts:** Sultan, roof · **What happens:** lead up, have, observe, see · **To what, where:** prince, opening, princess, Sultan

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, roof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:40:3
# text = He then led the prince up to a room under the roof, which had an opening through which he might observe the princess, without himself being seen.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	29	nsubj	_	_
28	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead up** | past | Sultan | the prince |  |  | then | to a room under the roof | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the roof | a opening |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Patient |
| 3 | **observe** | might | Sultan | the princess |  | a opening |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent princess=Topic |
| 4 | **see** | gerund · passive |  | Sultan |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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