--- title: Springing lightly up behind the lady, he leaned forward and turned t… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: Springing lightly up behind the lady, he leaned forward and turned the peg, and as the horse darted up into the air, he cried aloud so that his words were heard by all present, "Sultan of Cashmere, when you wish to marry princesses who have sought your protection, learn first to gain their consent." --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/37/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/) / 37 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 40, sentence 37 Springing lightly up behind the lady, he leaned forward and turned the peg, and as the horse darted up into the air, he cried aloud so that his words were heard by all present, "Sultan of Cashmere, when you wish to marry princesses who have sought your protection, learn first to gain their consent." **Who acts:** horse, present, you, princesses, your, words · **What happens:** spring, learn, turn, dart up, cry, hear · **To what, where:** peg, air, words, princesses, protection, consent · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, present, you, princesses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:40:37 # text = Springing lightly up behind the lady, he leaned forward and turned the peg, and as the horse darted up into the air, he cried aloud so that his words were heard by all present, "Sultan of Cashmere, when you wish to marry princesses who have sought your protection, learn first to gain their consent." 1 Springing spring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 2 lightly lightly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 up up ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ _ 4 behind behind ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 lady lady NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 8 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 leaned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 forward forward ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 peg peg NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 as as SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 darted dart VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 21 up up ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 into into ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 cried cry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 28 aloud aloud ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 34 mark _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 29 fixed _ _ 31 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 advcl _ _ 35 by by ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 37 det _ _ 37 present present NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 " " PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 Sultan Sultan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Cashmere Cashmere PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 44 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 46 advmod _ _ 45 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 46 wish wish VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 conj _ _ 47 to to PART TO _ 48 mark _ _ 48 marry marry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 46 xcomp _ _ 49 princesses princess NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obj _ _ 50 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 52 nsubj _ _ 51 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 52 sought seek VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 49 acl:relcl _ _ 53 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ _ 54 protection protection NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 56 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 conj _ _ 57 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 56 advmod _ _ 58 to to PART TO _ 59 mark _ _ 59 gain gain VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 56 xcomp _ _ 60 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 61 consent consent NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 62 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 63 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spring** | gerund | horse *not said here* | | | | | behind the lady | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind lady=Trajectory | | 2 | **learn** | past | horse | | | | | forward *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **turn** | past | horse *not said here* | the peg | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent peg=Theme | | 4 | **dart up** | past | the horse | | | the air | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination | | 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | horse | | | | | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **hear** | past · passive | all present | horse's words | | | | Sultan of Cashmere *obl* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus | | 7 | **wish** *in a quote* | present | you | | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 8 | **marry** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | princesses | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent princess=Patient | | 9 | **seek** *in a quote* | present · perfect | princesses | your protection | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent protection=Theme | | 10 | **learn** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | first *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 11 | **gain** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | words's consent | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consent=Theme | | 12 | **word** | | horse | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 13 | **protect** *in a quote* | | your | | | | | | nom protection «act transitive»: poss=agent | | 14 | **consent** *in a quote* | | words *= word* | | | | | | nom consent «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/36/) - next →: [sentence 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/38/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/40/)