---
title: They had the best masters for the fine arts, geography, poetry, hist… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: They had the best masters for the fine arts, geography, poetry, history and science, and even for sciences which are learned by few, and every branch seemed so easy to them, that their teachers were astonished at the progress they made. Who acts: studies, branch. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights En
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 41, sentence 30

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They had the best masters for the fine arts, geography, poetry, history and science, and even for sciences which are learned by few, and every branch seemed so easy to them, that their teachers were astonished at the progress they made.

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**Who acts:** studies, branch · **What happens:** have, learn, seem, astonish, make · **To what, where:** best masters, sciences, teachers, progress

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (studies, branch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:41:30
# text = They had the best masters for the fine arts, geography, poetry, history and science, and even for sciences which are learned by few, and every branch seemed so easy to them, that their teachers were astonished at the progress they made.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	masters	master	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	sciences	science	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
33	so	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	xcomp	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
39	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	astonished	astonish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	conj	_	_
43	at	at	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
46	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
47	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | studies *= study* | the best masters |  |  |  | for the fine arts and geography; for sciences | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent master=Patient |
| 2 | **learn** | present · passive |  | sciences |  |  |  | by few | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **seem** | past | every branch |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **astonish** | past · passive |  | studies's teachers |  | the progress |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **make** | past | studies *= study* | the progress *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset progress=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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