---
title: "My wife," he exclaimed as he entered the room, "heaven has denied u… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: "My wife," he exclaimed as he entered the room, "heaven has denied us any children, but here is one that has been sent in their place. Who acts: wife, gardener. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 41, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 41, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"My wife," he exclaimed as he entered the room, "heaven has denied us any children, but here is one that has been sent in their place.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wife, gardener · **What happens:** exclaim, enter, deny, be, send · **To what, where:** room, heaven, one, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, gardener), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:41:6
# text = "My wife," he exclaimed as he entered the room, "heaven has denied us any children, but here is one that has been sent in their place.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	denied	deny	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl:relcl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | My wife |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **enter** | past | gardener | the room |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme room=Destination |
| 3 | **deny** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | one |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **send** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | children's place |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in place=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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