---
title: Seated under a tree by the wayside he noticed a hideous old man, wit… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Seated under a tree by the wayside he noticed a hideous old man, with a long white moustache, and beard that almost fell to his feet. Who acts: prince, beard. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 41, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 41, sentence 88

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Seated under a tree by the wayside he noticed a hideous old man, with a long white moustache, and beard that almost fell to his feet.

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**Who acts:** prince, beard · **What happens:** seat, notice, fall · **To what, where:** tree, hideous old man

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, beard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:41:88
# text = Seated under a tree by the wayside he noticed a hideous old man, with a long white moustache, and beard that almost fell to his feet.
1	Seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
2	under	under	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wayside	wayside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	hideous	hideous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	moustache	moustache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seat** | participle | prince *not said here* |  |  | a tree |  | by the wayside | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **notice** | past | prince | a hideous old man |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 3 | **fall** | past | beard |  |  |  |  | to prince's feet; almost *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to foot=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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