---
title: He paused for a moment and looked round him at the masses of black s… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: He paused for a moment and looked round him at the masses of black stones with which the sides of the mountain were covered, and then began resolutely to ascend. Who acts: Prince. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 30

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He paused for a moment and looked round him at the masses of black stones with which the sides of the mountain were covered, and then began resolutely to ascend.

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**Who acts:** Prince · **What happens:** pause, look, cover, begin, ascend · **To what, where:** masses, sides

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:42:30
# text = He paused for a moment and looked round him at the masses of black stones with which the sides of the mountain were covered, and then began resolutely to ascend.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paused	pause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
28	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
29	resolutely	resolutely	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	ascend	ascend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pause** | past | Prince |  |  |  | moment |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | past | Prince *not said here* |  |  | the masses of black stones |  | round Prince | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent round he=Theme |
| 3 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the sides of the mountain |  |  |  | with black stones | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with which=Theme |
| 4 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  | then | resolutely *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **ascend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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