---
title: Hitherto the blade had remained bright and spotless, but on the fata… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Hitherto the blade had remained bright and spotless, but on the fatal hour on which Prince Bahman and his horse were changed into black stones, large drops of blood appeared on the surface. " Who acts: large drops. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42, w
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitherto the blade had remained bright and spotless, but on the fatal hour on which Prince Bahman and his horse were changed into black stones, large drops of blood appeared on the surface. "

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** large drops · **What happens:** remain, change, appear · **To what, where:** blade, black stones, surface

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large drops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:42:40
# text = Hitherto the blade had remained bright and spotless, but on the fatal hour on which Prince Bahman and his horse were changed into black stones, large drops of blood appeared on the surface. "
1	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	remained	remain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	spotless	spotless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	fatal	fatal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:desc	_	_
18	Bahman	Bahman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	drops	drop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past · perfect · passive |  | the blade |  |  |  | bright, hitherto *property* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **change** | past · passive |  |  |  |  | hour | into black stones *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into stone=Result |
| 3 | **appear** | past | large drops of blood | black stones *not said here* |  | the surface |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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