---
title: You have spoken of difficulties; tell me, I entreat you, what they a… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: You have spoken of difficulties; tell me, I entreat you, what they are, so that I may know if I can overcome them, or see if they are beyond my strength." Who acts: You, I, voices. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 71

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You have spoken of difficulties; tell me, I entreat you, what they are, so that I may know if I can overcome them, or see if they are beyond my strength."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** You, I, voices · **What happens:** speak, tell, entreat, know, overcome, see · **To what, where:** me, you, voices · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, I, voices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:42:71
# text = You have spoken of difficulties; tell me, I entreat you, what they are, so that I may know if I can overcome them, or see if they are beyond my strength."
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	entreat	entreat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	parataxis	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	22	mark	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
23	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	overcome	overcome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	ccomp	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
31	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
33	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
34	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **entreat** | present | I |  | you |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 4 | **know** | may | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **overcome** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | I | voices *= voice* |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme |
| 6 | **see** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | voices *= voice* |  |  |  |  | beyond my strength | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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