---
title: The princess carried the cage straight into the garden, and, as soon… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The princess carried the cage straight into the garden, and, as soon as the bird began to sing, nightingales, larks, thrushes, finches, and all sorts of other birds mingled their voices in chorus. Who acts: princess, bird, sorts. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Open
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 43, sentence 23

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess carried the cage straight into the garden, and, as soon as the bird began to sing, nightingales, larks, thrushes, finches, and all sorts of other birds mingled their voices in chorus.

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**Who acts:** princess, bird, sorts · **What happens:** carry, begin, sing, mingle, sort · **To what, where:** cage, garden, nightingales, voices, chorus, other birds

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 43. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princess, bird, sorts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:43:23
# text = The princess carried the cage straight into the garden, and, as soon as the bird began to sing, nightingales, larks, thrushes, finches, and all sorts of other birds mingled their voices in chorus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	nightingales	nightingale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	larks	lark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	thrushes	thrush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	finches	finch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
31	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
32	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
36	mingled	mingle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	chorus	chorus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the princess | the cage |  | the garden |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cage=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the bird |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | the bird *not said here* | nightingales and larks and thrushes and finches |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nightingale=Theme |
| 4 | **mingle** | past | all sorts of other birds | Bahman's voices |  | chorus |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |
| 5 | **sort** |  |  | other birds |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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