---
title: The princess had faith in the bird, who generally proved to be right… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The princess had faith in the bird, who generally proved to be right, and taking the gardener with her early next morning followed out his directions carefully. Who acts: princess, bird. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 43, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 43, sentence 83

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The princess had faith in the bird, who generally proved to be right, and taking the gardener with her early next morning followed out his directions carefully.

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**Who acts:** princess, bird · **What happens:** have, prove, be, take, follow out · **To what, where:** faith, gardener

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 43. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princess, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:43:83
# text = The princess had faith in the bird, who generally proved to be right, and taking the gardener with her early next morning followed out his directions carefully.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
22	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
23	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
25	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
29	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the princess | faith |  |  |  | in the bird | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent faith=Patient |
| 2 | **prove** | past | the bird |  |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | the bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | gerund | the princess *not said here* |  | the gardener |  |  | with princess; bird's morning followed directions *obl* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument gardener=Destination |
| 5 | **follow out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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