---
title: The head cook, who had never in all his experience heard of such a d… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The head cook, who had never in all his experience heard of such a dish, stepped back in amazement. Who acts: head cook, Sultan. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 43, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 43, sentence 95

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The head cook, who had never in all his experience heard of such a dish, stepped back in amazement.

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**Who acts:** head cook, Sultan · **What happens:** have, hear, step back, experience · **To what, where:** experience, amazement

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 43. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head cook, Sultan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:43:95
# text = The head cook, who had never in all his experience heard of such a dish, stepped back in amazement.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	16	det:predet	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	amazement	amazement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the head cook | Sultan's experience |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experience=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the head cook |  |  |  |  | of such dish | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of dish=Stimulus |
| 3 | **step back** | past | the head cook *not said here* |  |  | amazement |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in amazement=Trajectory |
| 4 | **experience** |  | Sultan |  |  |  |  |  | nom experience «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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