---
title: The Sultan, noticing that his favourite dish of cucumber was placed… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sultan, noticing that his favourite dish of cucumber was placed before him, proceeded to help himself to it, and was amazed to and that the stuffing was of pearls. " Who acts: Sultan, stuffing. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 44, with its dependenc
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 44, sentence 46

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sultan, noticing that his favourite dish of cucumber was placed before him, proceeded to help himself to it, and was amazed to and that the stuffing was of pearls. "

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sultan, stuffing · **What happens:** notice, place, proceed, help, be · **To what, where:** favourite dish, Sultan, dish

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 44. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, stuffing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:44:46
# text = The Sultan, noticing that his favourite dish of cucumber was placed before him, proceeded to help himself to it, and was amazed to and that the stuffing was of pearls. "
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cucumber	cucumber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
16	proceeded	proceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	amazed	amazed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	parataxis	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	stuffing	stuffing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
35	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | gerund | the Sultan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **place** | past · passive |  | Sultan's favourite dish of cucumber |  |  | before Sultan |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before he=Destination |
| 3 | **proceed** | past | the Sultan |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | the Sultan *not said here* | Sultan | dish |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | amazed *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past | the stuffing |  |  |  |  | to pearls | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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