---
title: This speech was delivered in the presence of a vast multitude of peo… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: This speech was delivered in the presence of a vast multitude of people, who had gathered from all parts on the first hint of what was happening, and the news was passed from mouth to mouth in a few seconds. Who acts: people, parts. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, O
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 44, sentence 66

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This speech was delivered in the presence of a vast multitude of people, who had gathered from all parts on the first hint of what was happening, and the news was passed from mouth to mouth in a few seconds.

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**Who acts:** people, parts · **What happens:** deliver, gather, happen, pass, hint · **To what, where:** speech, presence, parts, news, mouth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 44. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:44:66
# text = This speech was delivered in the presence of a vast multitude of people, who had gathered from all parts on the first hint of what was happening, and the news was passed from mouth to mouth in a few seconds.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	amod	_	_
24	hint	hint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nmod	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | past · passive |  | this speech |  | the presence of a vast multitude of people |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **gather** | past · perfect | people |  |  | all parts on the first hint of all parts on the first hint of all parts |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from part=Source |
| 3 | **happen** | past · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **pass** | past · passive |  | the news |  | mouth | second | to mouth | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from mouth=Initial\_Location to mouth=Destination |
| 5 | **hint** |  | all parts on the first hint of all parts on the first hint |  |  |  |  |  | nom hint «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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