---
title: The vizir took them himself to the cook, saying, "Here are four fish… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: The vizir took them himself to the cook, saying, "Here are four fish that have been brought to the Sultan. Who acts: vizir, four fish. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 5, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vizir took them himself to the cook, saying, "Here are four fish that have been brought to the Sultan.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vizir, four fish · **What happens:** take, say, be, bring · **To what, where:** them, cook, four fish, Sultan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vizir, four fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:5:1
# text = The vizir took them himself to the cook, saying, "Here are four fish that have been brought to the Sultan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
15	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the vizir | them *= they* |  | the cook |  | vizir *obl:unmarked* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to cook=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the vizir *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | four fish |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bring** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | four fish | the Sultan |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to sultan=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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