---
title: He climbed one of the hills, and then crossed the great plain, till,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: He climbed one of the hills, and then crossed the great plain, till, just as the sun rose, he beheld far in front of him a large building. Who acts: Sultan, sun. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 5, sentence 65

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He climbed one of the hills, and then crossed the great plain, till, just as the sun rose, he beheld far in front of him a large building.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sultan, sun · **What happens:** climb, cross, rise, behold · **To what, where:** one, great plain, large building, front

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:5:65
# text = He climbed one of the hills, and then crossed the great plain, till, just as the sun rose, he beheld far in front of him a large building.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	till	till	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	just	just	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
25	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | Sultan | one of the hills |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location one=Theme |
| 2 | **cross** | past |  | the great plain and till |  |  | then |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plain=Patient |
| 3 | **rise** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **behold** | past | Sultan | a large building |  | front of sun |  | far *property* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer building=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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