---
title: It was opened by an old man with a long white beard, to whom the lad… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: It was opened by an old man with a long white beard, to whom the lady held out money without speaking. Who acts: old man, lady. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 6, sentence 10

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It was opened by an old man with a long white beard, to whom the lady held out money without speaking.

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**Who acts:** old man, lady · **What happens:** open, hold out, speak · **To what, where:** door, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:6:10
# text = It was opened by an old man with a long white beard, to whom the lady held out money without speaking.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past · passive | a old man with a long white beard | door |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hold out** | participle | the lady *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | the lady *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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