---
title: Each Calender took the one he preferred, and began to play a well-kn… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: Each Calender took the one he preferred, and began to play a well-known air, while the ladies sang the words of the song. Who acts: Calender, ladies. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 6, sentence 66

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Each Calender took the one he preferred, and began to play a well-known air, while the ladies sang the words of the song.

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**Who acts:** Calender, ladies · **What happens:** take, prefer, begin, play, know, sing · **To what, where:** one, known air, words, song

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Calender, ladies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:6:66
# text = Each Calender took the one he preferred, and began to play a well-known air, while the ladies sang the words of the song.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	Calender	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|Typo=Yes	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	preferred	prefer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | each Calender | the one |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **prefer** | past | Calender *= calendar* | the one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 3 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **play** | to-infinitive |  | a known air |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 5 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the ladies | the words of the song |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme |
| 7 | **word** |  |  | the song |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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