---
title: I avoided the towns till I reached the kingdom of the famous and pow… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I avoided the towns till I reached the kingdom of the famous and powerful Caliph, Haroun-al-Raschid, when I had no further reason to fear my enemies. Who acts: I. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 8, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I avoided the towns till I reached the kingdom of the famous and powerful Caliph, Haroun-al-Raschid, when I had no further reason to fear my enemies.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** avoid, reach, have, fear · **To what, where:** towns, kingdom, further reason, enemies

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:8:15
# text = I avoided the towns till I reached the kingdom of the famous and powerful Caliph, Haroun-al-Raschid, when I had no further reason to fear my enemies.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Haroun	Haroun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	al	Al	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Raschid	Raschid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
26	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	28	det	_	_
27	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl	_	_
31	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | past | I | the towns |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent town=Location |
| 2 | **reach** | past | I | the kingdom of the famous Caliph |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | I | no further reason |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 4 | **fear** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | my enemies |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enemy=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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