---
title: I defended myself to the last, wounded though I was, but at length,… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: I defended myself to the last, wounded though I was, but at length, seeing that resistance was hopeless, and that the ambassador and all our followers were made prisoners, I put spurs to my horse and rode away as fast as I could, till the poor beast fell dead from a wound in his side. Who acts: I, r
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 8, sentence 40

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I defended myself to the last, wounded though I was, but at length, seeing that resistance was hopeless, and that the ambassador and all our followers were made prisoners, I put spurs to my horse and rode away as fast as I could, till the poor beast fell dead from a wound in his side.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, resistance, poor beast · **What happens:** defend, wound, be, see, make, put · **To what, where:** myself, length, ambassador, spurs, wound · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, resistance, poor beast), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:8:40
# text = I defended myself to the last, wounded though I was, but at length, seeing that resistance was hopeless, and that the ambassador and all our followers were made prisoners, I put spurs to my horse and rode away as fast as I could, till the poor beast fell dead from a wound in his side.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	defended	defend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	hopeless	hopeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	ambassador	ambassador	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	30	det:predet	_	_
29	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	followers	follower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	advcl	_	_
33	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
37	spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
43	away	away	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	as	as	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	42	advmod	_	_
46	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
47	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
50	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	54	mark	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
54	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	conj	_	_
55	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	xcomp	_	_
56	from	from	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	_
59	in	in	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
61	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defend** | past | I | myself |  |  |  | to the last | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **wound** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | I |  |  | length |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | past | resistance |  |  |  |  | hopeless *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **make** | past · passive |  | the ambassador and our followers |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary prisoner=Product |
| 7 | **put** | past | I | spurs |  |  |  | to my horse | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent spur=Goal |
| 8 | **ride away** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away, fast *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **fall** | past | the poor beast |  |  | a wound |  | in beast's side; dead *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in side=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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