---
title: "What!" exclaimed the genius, "you owe all your sufferings to him, a… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: "What!" exclaimed the genius, "you owe all your sufferings to him, and yet you dare to say he is a stranger to you!" Who acts: genius, you, man, your. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 9, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What!" exclaimed the genius, "you owe all your sufferings to him, and yet you dare to say he is a stranger to you!"

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**Who acts:** genius, you, man, your · **What happens:** exclaim, owe, dare, say, be, suffer · **To what, where:** sufferings, man, stranger, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (genius, you, man, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:9:20
# text = "What!" exclaimed the genius, "you owe all your sufferings to him, and yet you dare to say he is a stranger to you!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	genius	genius	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	owe	owe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sufferings	suffering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	dare	dare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | the genius |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **owe** *in a quote* | present | you | your sufferings | man |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent suffering=Theme to he=Goal |
| 3 | **dare** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  | yet |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | man | a stranger | you |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **suffer** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom suffering «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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