--- title: What I have to say must not be overheard," he whispered; "command, I… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics description: What I have to say must not be overheard," he whispered; "command, I beg of you, that your dervishes retire into their cells, as night is approaching, and meet me in the court." Who acts: I, appearance, dervishes. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9, wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/54/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Arabian Nights Entertainments](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/) / [Opening, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/) / 54 # The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 9, sentence 54 What I have to say must not be overheard," he whispered; "command, I beg of you, that your dervishes retire into their cells, as night is approaching, and meet me in the court." **Who acts:** I, appearance, dervishes · **What happens:** have, say, not overhear, whisper, beg, retire · **To what, where:** cells, me, court · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, appearance, dervishes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg128:9:54 # text = What I have to say must not be overheard," he whispered; "command, I beg of you, that your dervishes retire into their cells, as night is approaching, and meet me in the court." 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Rel 5 nsubj:outer _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 7 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 9 advmod _ _ 8 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 overheard overhear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 whispered whisper VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 command command NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 beg beg VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 24 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 dervishes dervish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 retire retire VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 27 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 as as SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 32 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl:unmarked _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 approaching approach VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 meet meet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 38 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | I | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **not** **overhear** | must · passive | | | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP» | | 4 | **whisper** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | appearance | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **beg** *speech: request* | present | I | | | | | of you | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **retire** | present | your dervishes | | | houses's cells | | | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **approach** | present · progressive | your dervishes *not said here* | | | | night | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **meet** | infinitive | | me | | the court | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/53/) - next →: [sentence 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/55/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/9/)