---
title: He was soon joined here by the black cat of which the voice had spok… — The Arabian Nights Entertainments · tree and pragmatics
description: He was soon joined here by the black cat of which the voice had spoken, who came as usual to say good-morning to his master. Who acts: black cat. A sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 9, sentence 75

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He was soon joined here by the black cat of which the voice had spoken, who came as usual to say good-morning to his master.

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**Who acts:** black cat · **What happens:** join, speak, come, say · **To what, where:** dervish, voice, master · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (black cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg128:9:75
# text = He was soon joined here by the black cat of which the voice had spoken, who came as usual to say good-morning to his master.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
19	as	as	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past · passive | the black cat | dervish |  | here |  | soon *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive |  | the voice |  |  |  | of the black cat | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | the black cat |  |  |  |  | usual *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the black cat *not said here* |  | dervish's master |  | morning |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to master=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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