---
title: "I've been grinding and grinding these seven years," said Jack, "and… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: "I've been grinding and grinding these seven years," said Jack, "and not a holiday have I had. Who acts: Jack, holiday. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 9, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I've been grinding and grinding these seven years," said Jack, "and not a holiday have I had.

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**Who acts:** Jack, holiday · **What happens:** grind, say, have · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jack, holiday), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:23:2
# text = "I've been grinding and grinding these seven years," said Jack, "and not a holiday have I had.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grind** *in a quote* | present · perfect · progressive | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grind** *in a quote* | gerund | Jack *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a holiday |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | past | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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