---
title: The little boy did cry, and said: "Oh, no, my little bull-calf; I ho… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The little boy did cry, and said: "Oh, no, my little bull-calf; I hope he won't kill you." Who acts: little boy, boy. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 16, sentence 85

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The little boy did cry, and said: "Oh, no, my little bull-calf; I hope he won't kill you."

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**Who acts:** little boy, boy · **What happens:** cry, say, hope, not kill · **To what, where:** you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little boy, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:30:85
# text = The little boy did cry, and said: "Oh, no, my little bull-calf; I hope he won't kill you."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	19	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	19	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
16	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	hope	hope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	ccomp	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past · do-support | the little boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the little boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hope** *in a quote* | present | the little boy *= boy* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **kill** *in a quote* | future | boy | you |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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