---
title: "What ails thee, my son?" said a voice by his side, "and what hast t… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: "What ails thee, my son?" said a voice by his side, "and what hast thou caught, that thou shouldst stain the Lord's Day with such foul language?" Who acts: voice, thou, that. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 18, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 18, sentence 98

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What ails thee, my son?" said a voice by his side, "and what hast thou caught, that thou shouldst stain the Lord's Day with such foul language?"

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** voice, thou, that · **What happens:** ail, say, have, catch, stain · **To what, where:** thee, Day · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, thou, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:32:98
# text = "What ails thee, my son?" said a voice by his side, "and what hast thou caught, that thou shouldst stain the Lord's Day with such foul language?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ails	ail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
4	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	obj	_	_
20	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
22	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	nsubj	_	_
25	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nsubj	_	_
26	shouldst	should	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	stain	stain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	's	's	PART	POS	_	29	case	_	_
31	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	foul	foul	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ail** *in a quote* | present |  | thee |  |  |  |  | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Patient thou=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | a voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **catch** *in a quote* | past | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **stain** *in a quote* | should | that |  | the Lord's Day |  |  | with such foul language | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent day=Destination with language=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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