---
title: Further research is required to determine which is English and which… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Further research is required to determine which is English and which Celtic among Anglo-Irish folk-tales. Who acts: English. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 20, sentence 24

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Further research is required to determine which is English and which Celtic among Anglo-Irish folk-tales.

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**Who acts:** English · **What happens:** require, determine, be · **To what, where:** Further research, English

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:34:24
# text = Further research is required to determine which is English and which Celtic among Anglo-Irish folk-tales.
1	Further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
13	among	among	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
14	Anglo	Anglo	X	AFX	_	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | Further research |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **determine** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | English |  |  |  |  | among Anglo Irish folk tales | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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