---
title: _--Told to Mrs. Balfour by Mrs. W., a native of North Sunderland, wh… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: _--Told to Mrs. Balfour by Mrs. W., a native of North Sunderland, who had seen the cottage and heard the tale from persons who had known the widow and her boy, and had got the story direct from them. Who acts: native. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XLVII. My Own Self, wit
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, XLVII. My Own Self, sentence 2

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\_--Told to Mrs. Balfour by Mrs. W., a native of North Sunderland, who had seen the cottage and heard the tale from persons who had known the widow and her boy, and had got the story direct from them.

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**Who acts:** native · **What happens:** tell, see, hear, know, get · **To what, where:** cottage, tale, persons, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XLVII. My Own Self. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (native), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:38:2
# text = _--Told to Mrs. Balfour by Mrs. W., a native of North Sunderland, who had seen the cottage and heard the tale from persons who had known the widow and her boy, and had got the story direct from them.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Mrs.	Mrs.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	Balfour	Balfour	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mrs.	Mrs.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
9	W.	W.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	native	native	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Sunderland	Sunderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	parataxis	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	xcomp	_	_
43	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past · perfect | a native of North Sunderland | the cottage |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cottage=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hear** | past | a native of North Sunderland *not said here* | the tale |  |  |  | from persons | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent tale=Topic from person=Source |
| 4 | **know** | past · perfect · passive |  | persons |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **get** | past · perfect |  | the story |  |  |  | direct *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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