---
title: These tales have been told, if not from time immemorial, at least fo… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: These tales have been told, if not from time immemorial, at least for several generations, in a special form which includes dialect and "vulgar" words. Who acts: special form. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Ætat. XIII, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, Ætat. XIII, sentence 39

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These tales have been told, if not from time immemorial, at least for several generations, in a special form which includes dialect and "vulgar" words.

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**Who acts:** special form · **What happens:** tell, include · **To what, where:** tales, dialect · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Ætat. XIII. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (special form), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:4:39
# text = These tales have been told, if not from time immemorial, at least for several generations, in a special form which includes dialect and "vulgar" words.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	immemorial	immemorial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	obl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	vulgar	vulgar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
30	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | this tales |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **include** | present | a special form | dialect and vulgar words |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dialect=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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