---
title: These refer to a sepulchral monument in Tylney churchyard which had… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: These refer to a sepulchral monument in Tylney churchyard which had figured on a stone coffin an axle-tree and cart-wheel. Who acts: These. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, LII. Tom Hickathrift, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, LII. Tom Hickathrift, sentence 17

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These refer to a sepulchral monument in Tylney churchyard which had figured on a stone coffin an axle-tree and cart-wheel.

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**Who acts:** These · **What happens:** refer, figure, coffin · **To what, where:** Tylney churchyard, stone, axle tree

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, LII. Tom Hickathrift. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:43:17
# text = These refer to a sepulchral monument in Tylney churchyard which had figured on a stone coffin an axle-tree and cart-wheel.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refer	refer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sepulchral	sepulchral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Tylney	Tylney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	churchyard	churchyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	figured	figure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	coffin	coffin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present | These |  |  |  |  | to a sepulchral monument in Tylney churchyard | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to monument=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **figure** | past · perfect · passive |  | Tylney churchyard |  | a stone |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **coffin** | infinitive | These *not said here* | a axle tree and cart wheel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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