---
title: Gotham is the English representative, and as witticisms call to mind… — More English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Gotham is the English representative, and as witticisms call to mind well-known wits, so Gotham has had heaped on its head all the stupidities of the Indo-European world. Who acts: Gotham. A sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, LXXXVI. Wise Men of Gotham, with its dependency tree
---

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# More English Fairy Tales, LXXXVI. Wise Men of Gotham, sentence 10

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Gotham is the English representative, and as witticisms call to mind well-known wits, so Gotham has had heaped on its head all the stupidities of the Indo-European world.

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**Who acts:** Gotham · **What happens:** be, call, mind, know, have, heap · **To what, where:** English representative, known wits, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, LXXXVI. Wise Men of Gotham. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gotham), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg14241:79:10
# text = Gotham is the English representative, and as witticisms call to mind well-known wits, so Gotham has had heaped on its head all the stupidities of the Indo-European world.
1	Gotham	Gotham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	representative	representative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	witticisms	witticism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	mind	mind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	wits	wit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	Gotham	Gotham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
22	heaped	heap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	28	det:predet	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	stupidities	stupidity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
31	Indo	Indo	X	AFX	_	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gotham | the English representative |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as witticisms | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **mind** | to-infinitive |  | known wits |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wit=Theme |
| 4 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **have** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **heap** | present · perfect | Gotham |  |  | representative's head |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on head=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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