--- title: Peter gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs wer… — The Tale of Peter Rabbit · tree and pragmatics description: Peter gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs were overheard by some friendly sparrows, who flew to him in great excitement, and implored him to exert himself. Who acts: Peter, friendly sparrows. A sentence of «The Tale of Peter Rabbit» by Beatrix Potter, Frederick Warne, with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Tale of Peter Rabbit](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/) / [Frederick Warne](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/) / 22 # The Tale of Peter Rabbit, Frederick Warne, sentence 22 Peter gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs were overheard by some friendly sparrows, who flew to him in great excitement, and implored him to exert himself. **Who acts:** Peter, friendly sparrows · **What happens:** give up, lose, shed, overhear, fly, implore · **To what, where:** Peter, big tears, sobs, great excitement This is a sentence of «The Tale of Peter Rabbit» by Beatrix Potter, Frederick Warne. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peter, friendly sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg14838:2:22 # text = Peter gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs were overheard by some friendly sparrows, who flew to him in great excitement, and implored him to exert himself. 1 Peter Peter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 2 iobj _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 5 for for SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 shed shed VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 10 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 sobs sob NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 overheard overhear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 18 by by ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 20 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 sparrows sparrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 24 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 25 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 excitement excitement NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 implored implore VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 33 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 exert exert VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 36 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 35 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give up** | past | Peter | | Peter | | | | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Source | | 2 | **lose** | participle | Peter *not said here* | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **shed** | past | Peter *not said here* | big tears | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tear=Source | | 4 | **overhear** | past · passive | some friendly sparrows | Peter's sobs | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus | | 5 | **fly** | past | some friendly sparrows | | Peter | great excitement | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in excitement=Location | | 6 | **implore** | past | Peter *not said here* | Peter | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **exert** | to-infinitive | Peter *not said here* | Peter | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | | 8 | **sob** | | Peter | | | | | | nom sob «state intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Tale of Peter Rabbit» by Beatrix Potter, Project Gutenberg book 14838 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/21/) - next →: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/23/) - ↑ back to [Frederick Warne](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/)