---
title: The next day it was a sharp frost--and then the spring came; the sun… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day it was a sharp frost--and then the spring came; the sun shone, the green leaves appeared, the swallows built their nests, the windows were opened, and the little children again sat in their pretty garden, high up on the leads at the top of the house. Who acts: next day, spring, sun, gre
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 1, sentence 52

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The next day it was a sharp frost--and then the spring came; the sun shone, the green leaves appeared, the swallows built their nests, the windows were opened, and the little children again sat in their pretty garden, high up on the leads at the top of the house.

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**Who acts:** next day, spring, sun, green leaves, swallows, little children · **What happens:** be, come, shine, appear, build, open · **To what, where:** sharp frost, nests, windows, pretty garden

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (next day, spring, sun, green leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:11:52
# text = The next day it was a sharp frost--and then the spring came; the sun shone, the green leaves appeared, the swallows built their nests, the windows were opened, and the little children again sat in their pretty garden, high up on the leads at the top of the house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	swallows	swallow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	_
40	again	again	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
44	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	appos	_	_
49	on	on	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	leads	lead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
52	at	at	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the next day | a sharp frost |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the spring |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shine** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **appear** | past | the green leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **build** | past | the swallows | swallows's nests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product |
| 6 | **open** | past · passive |  | the windows |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 7 | **sit** | past | the little children |  |  | swallows's pretty garden | again | on the leads; at the top of the house | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in garden=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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