--- title: Little Gerda was very frightened, and began to cry; but no one heard… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Little Gerda was very frightened, and began to cry; but no one heard her except the sparrows, and they could not carry her to land; but they flew along the bank, and sang as if to comfort her, “Here we are! Who acts: Little Gerda, one, sparrows. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Anders --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Andersen's Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/) / [The Snow Queen, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/) / 22 # Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 2, sentence 22 Little Gerda was very frightened, and began to cry; but no one heard her except the sparrows, and they could not carry her to land; but they flew along the bank, and sang as if to comfort her, “Here we are! **Who acts:** Little Gerda, one, sparrows · **What happens:** be, begin, cry, hear, not carry, fly · **To what, where:** Gerda, land, bank · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Gerda, one, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg1597:12:22 # text = Little Gerda was very frightened, and began to cry; but no one heard her except the sparrows, and they could not carry her to land; but they flew along the bank, and sang as if to comfort her, “Here we are! 1 Little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 Gerda Gerda PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 very very ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 frightened frightened ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 cry cry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 14 det _ _ 14 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 16 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ _ 17 except except ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 sparrows sparrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 26 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 33 along along ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 bank bank NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 sang sing VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 39 as as SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 40 if if SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 42 comfort comfort VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ _ 43 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 “ " PUNCT `` _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 Here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 42 advmod _ _ 47 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 48 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 ! ! PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Little Gerda | | | | | frightened *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **begin** | past | Little Gerda *not said here* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | Little Gerda *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hear** | past | no one | Gerda | | | | except the sparrows | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | | 5 | **not** **carry** | could | sparrows *= sparrow* | Gerda | | land | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to land=Destination | | 6 | **fly** | past | sparrows *= sparrow* | | | the bank | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bank=Location | | 7 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | sparrows *= sparrow* *not said here* | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **comfort** | to-infinitive | sparrows *= sparrow* *not said here* | Gerda | | here | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer | | 9 | **be** *in a quote* | present | sparrows *= sparrow* *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/21/) - next →: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/23/) - ↑ back to [The Snow Queen, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/)