---
title: Nobody knew where he was; many sad tears were shed, and little Gerda… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Nobody knew where he was; many sad tears were shed, and little Gerda wept long and bitterly; at last she said he must be dead; that he had been drowned in the river which flowed close to the town. Who acts: Nobody, Kay, little Gerda, Gerda. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, T
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 2, sentence 7

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Nobody knew where he was; many sad tears were shed, and little Gerda wept long and bitterly; at last she said he must be dead; that he had been drowned in the river which flowed close to the town.

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**Who acts:** Nobody, Kay, little Gerda, Gerda, river · **What happens:** know, be, shed, weep, say, drown · **To what, where:** many sad tears, last, Kay, river · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody, Kay, little Gerda, Gerda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:12:7
# text = Nobody knew where he was; many sad tears were shed, and little Gerda wept long and bitterly; at last she said he must be dead; that he had been drowned in the river which flowed close to the town.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	bitterly	bitterly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	cop	_	_
28	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
39	flowed	flow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
40	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	39	advmod	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | Kay |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shed** | past · passive |  | many sad tears |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source |
| 4 | **weep** | past | little Gerda |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gerda |  |  | last |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | must | Kay |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **drown** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kay |  | the river |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 8 | **flow** | past | the river |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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