---
title: “Dear me, how long I have staid!” said Gerda. — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Dear me, how long I have staid!” said Gerda. Who acts: Gerda. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/13/1/)

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 3, sentence 1

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“Dear me, how long I have staid!” said Gerda.

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**Who acts:** Gerda · **What happens:** have, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:13:1
# text = “Dear me, how long I have staid!” said Gerda.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
9	staid	staid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Gerda |  |  |  |  | long, staid *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Gerda |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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