---
title: A single lamp was burning there; and on the floor stood the tame Rav… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: A single lamp was burning there; and on the floor stood the tame Raven, turning her head on every side and looking at Gerda, who bowed as her grandmother had taught her to do. Who acts: single lamp, Gerda, grandmother. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 3,
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 3, sentence 90

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A single lamp was burning there; and on the floor stood the tame Raven, turning her head on every side and looking at Gerda, who bowed as her grandmother had taught her to do.

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**Who acts:** single lamp, Gerda, grandmother · **What happens:** burn, stand, turn, look, bow, teach · **To what, where:** tame Raven, floor, head, side, grandmother, lamp

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (single lamp, Gerda, grandmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:13:90
# text = A single lamp was burning there; and on the floor stood the tame Raven, turning her head on every side and looking at Gerda, who bowed as her grandmother had taught her to do.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
12	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	tame	tame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Raven	Raven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	parataxis	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
31	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	ccomp	_	_
35	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	iobj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · progressive | a single lamp |  |  | there |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | a single lamp *not said here* | the tame Raven |  | the floor |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent raven=Theme on floor=Destination |
| 3 | **turn** | gerund |  | lamp's head |  | every side |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 4 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | at Gerda | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at gerda=Theme |
| 5 | **bow** | past | Gerda |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive |  | lamp's grandmother | lamp |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **do** | to-infinitive | lamp's grandmother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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