---
title: It was full of cracks from top to bottom; and out of the openings ma… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It was full of cracks from top to bottom; and out of the openings magpies and rooks were flying; and the great bull-dogs, each of which looked as if he could swallow a man, jumped up, but they did not bark, for that was forbidden. Who acts: carriage, magpies, great bull dogs, Kay. A sentence of «And
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/21/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Andersen's Fairy Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/) / [The Snow Queen, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/) / 21

# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 4, sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was full of cracks from top to bottom; and out of the openings magpies and rooks were flying; and the great bull-dogs, each of which looked as if he could swallow a man, jumped up, but they did not bark, for that was forbidden.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** carriage, magpies, great bull dogs, Kay, dogs · **What happens:** be, fly, look, swallow, jump up, not bark · **To what, where:** openings, man, that

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carriage, magpies, great bull dogs, Kay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:14:21
# text = It was full of cracks from top to bottom; and out of the openings magpies and rooks were flying; and the great bull-dogs, each of which looked as if he could swallow a man, jumped up, but they did not bark, for that was forbidden.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cracks	crack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	openings	opening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
16	magpies	magpie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	rooks	rook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nmod	_	_
32	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
33	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
34	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
42	up	up	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
45	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
46	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
47	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	48	advmod	_	_
48	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
50	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	53	mark	_	_
51	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	53	nsubj:pass	_	_
52	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	aux:pass	_	_
53	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | carriage |  |  |  |  | of cracks from top to bottom; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | past · progressive | magpies and rooks |  |  | the openings |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent out opening=Location |
| 3 | **look** | past | the great bull dogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **swallow** | could | Kay | a man |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 5 | **jump up** | past | Kay *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **bark** | past · do-support | dogs *= dog* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **forbid** | past · passive |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/20/)
- next →: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/22/)
- ↑ back to [The Snow Queen, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/)