---
title: “I say nothing, it is true,” exclaimed the King; “but I have my own… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “I say nothing, it is true,” exclaimed the King; “but I have my own opinion, notwithstanding.” Who acts: King, it, Grasshopper, my. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Leap-frog, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Leap-frog, sentence 13

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“I say nothing, it is true,” exclaimed the King; “but I have my own opinion, notwithstanding.”

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**Who acts:** King, it, Grasshopper, my · **What happens:** say, be, exclaim, have, notwithstand, opine · **To what, where:** nothing, own opinion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Leap-frog. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, it, Grasshopper, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:16:13
# text = “I say nothing, it is true,” exclaimed the King; “but I have my own opinion, notwithstanding.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	csubj	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
11	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | the King *= king* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | the King |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Grasshopper | my own opinion |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Patient |
| 5 | **notwithstand** *in a quote* | gerund | Grasshopper *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **opine** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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