---
title: The dogs came leaping along, and whole flocks of wild-fowl flew over… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The dogs came leaping along, and whole flocks of wild-fowl flew over the cairn, where blackberry-bushes were hanging round the old stones. Who acts: dogs, whole flocks, blackberry bushes. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Elderbush, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Elderbush, sentence 122

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The dogs came leaping along, and whole flocks of wild-fowl flew over the cairn, where blackberry-bushes were hanging round the old stones.

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**Who acts:** dogs, whole flocks, blackberry bushes · **What happens:** come, leap, fly, hang · **To what, where:** cairn, old stones

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Elderbush. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dogs, whole flocks, blackberry bushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:17:122
# text = The dogs came leaping along, and whole flocks of wild-fowl flew over the cairn, where blackberry-bushes were hanging round the old stones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	along	along	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cairn	cairn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	advmod	_	_
20	blackberry	blackberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
25	round	round	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the dogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leap** | gerund | the dogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fly** | past | whole flocks of wild fowl |  |  | the cairn |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over cairn=Location |
| 4 | **hang** | past · progressive | blackberry bushes |  |  | the old stones |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme round stone=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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