---
title: And all the trees were covered with hoar-frost; they looked like whi… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the trees were covered with hoar-frost; they looked like white corals; the snow crackled under foot, as if one had new boots on; and one falling star after the other was seen in the sky. Who acts: children, snow, one. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Elderbush, w
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Elderbush, sentence 126

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all the trees were covered with hoar-frost; they looked like white corals; the snow crackled under foot, as if one had new boots on; and one falling star after the other was seen in the sky.

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**Who acts:** children, snow, one · **What happens:** cover, look, crackle, have, fall, see · **To what, where:** trees, foot, new boots, one falling star, sky

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Elderbush. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, snow, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:17:126
# text = And all the trees were covered with hoar-frost; they looked like white corals; the snow crackled under foot, as if one had new boots on; and one falling star after the other was seen in the sky.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	hoar	hoar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	corals	coral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	crackled	crackle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
28	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
33	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
34	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	35	amod	_	_
35	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
36	after	after	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nmod	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | all trees |  |  |  | with hoar frost | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with frost=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | like white corals | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **crackle** | past | the snow |  |  | foot |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location |
| 4 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | one | new boots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boot=Patient |
| 5 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **see** | past · passive |  | one falling star after the other |  | the sky |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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