---
title: And there were large calm lakes there too, in which white swans were… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And there were large calm lakes there too, in which white swans were swimming, and beat the air with their wings. Who acts: large calm lakes, white swans. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Bell, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Bell, sentence 55

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And there were large calm lakes there too, in which white swans were swimming, and beat the air with their wings.

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**Who acts:** large calm lakes, white swans · **What happens:** be, swim, beat · **To what, where:** air

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Bell. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large calm lakes, white swans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:18:55
# text = And there were large calm lakes there too, in which white swans were swimming, and beat the air with their wings.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | large calm lakes |  |  | there; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **swim** | past · progressive | white swans |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Trajectory |
| 3 | **beat** | past |  | the air |  |  |  | with swans's wings | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent air=Patient with wing=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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