---
title: We give our servants finer cloth for their livery than we ourselves… — Andersen's Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: We give our servants finer cloth for their livery than we ourselves use, and so I had my shadow trimmed up into a man: yes, you see I have even given him a shadow. Who acts: We, I, you, my. A sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, sentence 204

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We give our servants finer cloth for their livery than we ourselves use, and so I had my shadow trimmed up into a man: yes, you see I have even given him a shadow.

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**Who acts:** We, I, you, my · **What happens:** give, use, have, trim up, see, shadow · **To what, where:** finer cloth, servants, shadow, person · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, I, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg1597:23:204
# text = We give our servants finer cloth for their livery than we ourselves use, and so I had my shadow trimmed up into a man: yes, you see I have even given him a shadow.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	iobj	_	_
5	finer	fine	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	livery	livery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	ourselves	ourselve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	30	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	even	even	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	ccomp	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	iobj	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | We | finer cloth | our servants |  |  | for servants's livery | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent servant=Recipient cloth=Theme for livery=Asset |
| 2 | **use** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | past | I | my shadow |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Patient |
| 4 | **trim up** | participle |  | my shadow *not said here* |  |  |  | into a man | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **see** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **give** | present · perfect | I | a shadow | person |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient shadow=Theme |
| 7 | **shadow** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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